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Petrochemicals
September 15, 2014
AmirAdmin110
learning
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Petrochemicals
Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from crude oil, although many of the same chemical
compounds are also obtained from other fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas or from renewable sources
such as corn, sugar cane, and other types of biomass.
In the current context of petrochemicals, this chapter
focuses on organic hydrocarbon compounds that are not
burned as a fuel and are generally known as crude
oil products (or petroleum products).
This chapter describes how, on the basis of chemical structure, petrochemicals are categorized in to three
categories of petrochemical products olefin derivatives, aromatic derivatives, and synthesis gas.
Ethylene and propylene, the major part of olefin derivatives, are the basic source in preparation of several
industrial chemicals and plastic products whereas butadiene is used to prepare synthetic rubber.
Benzene,
toluene, and the xylene isomers are major components of aromatic chemicals. These aromatic
petrochemicals
are used in manufacturing of secondary products like synthetic detergents, polyurethanes,
plastic and
synthetic fibers. Synthesis
gas
comprises of carbon monoxide and hydrogen which are basically
used to
produce ammonia and methanol which are further used to
produce
other chemical and synthetic
substances.
88
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